Enhanced keyboard handler/wrapper

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Teasy	Created : 21 August 2007 Edited : 21 August 2007 System : Windows Language : Blitz Enhanced keyboard handler/wrapper Read scancodes from a queue, with key-repeat ability.
This is a slightly modified version where GetKey() and ASCII is unused (even though the documentation says otherwise ) to be able to use Blitz+' key-repeat on ASCII keys. For a complete low-down on the system and for more information on the above, see the elaborate documentation below. ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; * Enhanced keyboard handler system (and wrapper) ; Version 1c (2007 Jun 26) (special edition) ; Created by Teasy <TheChange@yahoo.com> ; Modifications: ; 06 jul 2007: ; - ripped out ascii, to support blitz+ getkey autorepeater ; 07 jul 2007: ; - added AnyInput to be non-zero when any input was generated ; contains the number of keys triggered ; - extended FlushInput to flush entire system (not just blitz) ; 26 jul 2007: ; - added KeyUp() to affect AnyInput ; e.g. any key down (continuous), hit (once) or up (once) ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Reason for creation: ; - GetKey() does not have any form of key repeat ability. ; - KeyDown() does not have international keyboard support, for example ; resulting in "A" when you press Key_Q (scan code) on AZERTY-keyboards. ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Possible applications: ; - Any situations that require: ; - multi-point input polling, where you want to check, for example, ; KeyHit( Key_CursorUp ) twice (or more) per update, ; in such a way that the return value is not forgotten. ; For example in a game or program where you use shift states, ; and want to sort the code by shift state, rather than scan code. ; --> See KeyHit[] (direct). ; - a key-repeat ability and support for international keyboards, ; such as a text editor or an input function. ; --> See GetKeyPress() (queued). ; - you to know when a key isn't tapped (once) or being held (continuous), ; but when it is released (once). ; --> See KeyUp[] (direct). ; - you to read scan codes using a queue, like GetKey(). ; --> See GetKeyHit() (queued). ; - you to read ASCII codes using direct access, like KeyHit(). ; --> See KeyAsc[] (direct). ; There are many more features included with various applications. ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Features: ; - Support for international keyboards with different ASCII layouts. ; Using ASCII with scan code association. ; - Supports ASCII codes (fully wrapped as combined and separated). ; - Simultaneous key repeat handling, enabling you to, for example, ; navigate a cursor diagonally, like when holding two cursor keys at once. ; This also works with normal keys, for example holding "1" and "2" ; resulting in a repetitious "12" string. ; - Shift state memory; typing and holding a "!" character, followed by ; releasing Shift, keeps repeating the same character (rather than a "1"). ; - Support for ASCII control codes; allows you to use ASCII values ; for special keys and key combinations (such as Ctrl+A or Backspace). ; Note: ASCII control codes require you to check shift states; ; for example Ctrl + ASCII code 1 is different from ASCII code 1 without Ctrl. ; For more information: Toggle UpdateInput_UseASCIIControlCodes, ; then run KeyPressDemo1() and press for example Ctrl+A or Backspace ; to see the exact difference. ; - Supports Blitz scan codes (fully wrapped as combined and separated). ; - Multiple ways to access the wrapped input values: ; - Separated queue reading using functions GetAsc() and GetScan(). ; - Combined queue reading using function GetKeyPress(). ; - Direct access using Blitz array KeyPress[]. ; - Configurable key repeat delay and rate on both ASCII and scan codes. ; You can also turn these Constants into Globals to modify speeds at runtime. ; - Multipoint input polling using backwards compatible Blitz key arrays. ; You can use KeyDown[] and KeyHit[] alongside this system. ; - ASCII code keyhit version using Blitz array GetKey[]. ; - Simplified shift states using Global variables Shift, Ctrl and Alt. ; You can also use ShiftHit, CtrlHit and AltHit for single keypress. ; - Know when a scan code key is released using Blitz array KeyUp[]. ; - Additional functions for: ; - forgetting pressed keys; FlushInput(). ; - waiting for: 1) any key or 2) specified timeout; WaitKeyDelay(). ; Also see the list of accessible system code elements. ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Missing features: ; - Support for: ; - Mouse motion/buttons. ; - Joypad/stick motion/buttons. ; Note: For implemented mouse and joypad/stick buttons, see "Interface.Lib.BB". ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Limitations: ; A Blitz limitation creates a leak in the system; ; when pressing too many keys at once, ; the ASCII value will not be associated with the scan code, ; leading to a pressed key not using an ASCII value, but a scancode value. ; ; If you are having difficulty with this, here are some possible resolutions: ; - If you need key-repeat on ASCII keys, make sure you do NOT check ; the scan code equivalent of the ASCII code, for example Key_A vs Asc( "A" ). ; - If you are having speed issues (keys not updating fast enough): ; - Try using smaller process cycles, resulting in faster input updates. ; - Or simply manually update the input (and check for keys) more often. ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Overview of system connections. ; ; +-------------------+ +-------------+ +---------------------------+ ; \| Blitz scancodes \|\ \| \| \| \| ; +-------------------+ \ \| Key \| \| Enhanced Keyboard Handler \| ; >\| Wrapper \|---\| System \| ; +-------------------+ / \| System \| \| \| ; \| Blitz ASCII \|/ \| \| +---------------------------+ ; +-------------------+ +-------------+ ; ; The wrapper system does not modify the ASCII or scan codes in any way, ; so all values read using the wrapper system functions are unprotected. ; For example (direct access, single key repeats): ; - Wrapper system: KeyHit[ Key_Esc ] ; - Blitz: KeyHit( Key_Esc ) ; Note that the Blitz function here does not support: ; - multi-point input polling, which means that the return value is forgotten ; after being called, so returning 0 when called again directly after. ; ; The keyboard handler system however, completely transforms the values, ; so all values read using the keyboard handler functions are protected. ; For example (protected direct access, multi key repeats): ; - Keyboard handler: KeyPress[ Asc( "A" ) ] ; - Blitz: KeyDown( Key_A ) ; Note that the Blitz function here does not support: ; - multi key repeats (delay, rate). ; - international keyboards with different ASCII layouts. ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; System usage / code examples. ; ; Guidelines: ; - No initialization required (self-initialization). ; Optional input flushing using FlushInput(). ; - Call UpdateInput() once per desired input cycle, ; for example check all keys after UpdateInput() each frame. ; ; Using the wrapper system: ; - Method 1: Queue reading ; ; scancode = GetKeyHit() ; first scancode ; While scancode <> 0 ; any scancode ; If scancode = Key_Esc ; exitloop = True ; set exit state ; End If ; ; scancode = GetKeyHit() ; next scancode ; Wend ; ; - Method 2: Direct access ; ; If KeyHit[ Key_Esc ] ; scan code range: 0..255 ; exitloop = True ; End If ; ; Using the enhanced keyboard handler system: ; - Method 1: Separated queue reading ; ; ascii = GetAsc() ; first ascii ; While ascii <> 0 ; any ascii ; Write Chr( ascii ) ; display ; ; ascii = GetAsc() ; next ascii ; Wend ; ; scancode = GetScan() ; first scancode ; While scancode <> 0 ; any scancode ; Select scancode ; Case Key_Esc ; scancode = Key_Esc ; exitloop = True ; set exit state ; End Select ; ; scancode = GetScan() ; next ascii ; Wend ; ; - Method 2: Combined queue reading ; ; code = GetKeyPress() ; first code ; While code <> 0 ; any code ; If code >= 256 ; scancode range (256..511) ; ; Select code - 256 ; set offset 0 ; Case Key_Esc ; exitloop = True ; End Select ; ; Else ; ascii range (0..255) ; ; Write Chr( code ) ; ; End If ; ; code = GetKeyPress() ; next code ; Wend ; ; - Method 3: Direct access ; ; If KeyPress[ Asc( "A" ) ] ; ascii range: 0..255 ; Write "A" ; End If ; ; If KeyPress[ 256 + key_enter ] ; scan code range: 256..511 ; Print ; End If ; ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Overview of accessible system code elements. ; ; Constant Default value ; ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ; UpdateInput_UseASCIIControlCodes False. ; KeyDown_RepeatDelay 250 ms. ; KeyDown_RepeatRate 30 ms. ; ; - Wrapper system: Unmodified ASCII and scan codes. ; ; Global variable Boolean meaning ; ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ; Shift, Ctrl, Alt Key is held down (continuous). ; ShiftHit, CtrlHit, AltHit Key was tapped (once). ; ; Function Description ; ------------------------ ------------------------------------------- ; GetKeyDown Get next (continuous) scancode from queue. ; GetKeyHit Get next (single tap) scancode from queue. ; GetKeyAsc Get next (single tap) ASCII code from queue. ; AnyKeyHit Returns True when any KeyHit[] is True. ; ; Global Blitz array Ranges ; ------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ; KeyDown [ n ] 0..255 (scan code). ; KeyHit [ n ] 0..255 (scan code). ; KeyUp [ n ] 0..255 (scan code). ; GetKey [ n ] 0..255 (ASCII code). ; ; - Enhanced keyboard handler system: Modified ASCII and scan codes. ; ; Function Description ; -------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ; UpdateInput Update keyboard handler system. ; GetKeyPress Get next code (ASCII or scan code) from queue. ; GetAsc Get next ASCII code from queue. ; GetScan Get next scan code from queue. ; ; Global Blitz array Ranges ; ------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ; KeyPress[ n ] 0..255 (ASCII code), 256..511 (scan code). ; ; - Independent: Can be used without wrapper or handler. ; ; Function Description ; ------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ; WaitKeyDelay( timeout ) Wait for any key or until time is up. ; - Default timeout is 1000 ms. ; - No error checking is performed. ; FlushInput( auto ) Forget any pressed keys. ; - Parameter auto: ; - True: Only use Blitz to forget keys. ; - False (default): Use Blitz to forget ; keys, but also clear keys manually ; (per key). ; ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Demos included: ; - KeyRepeatTest1: (Debug) Test for ASCII and scan codes of ; Shift+"1", "1" and Shift+"2", "2". ; - KeyRepeatTest2: (Debug) Test for ASCII and scan codes of cursor keys. ; - KeyPressDemo1: Demonstration of separated queue reading using ; GetAsc() and GetScan(). ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;Include "\Dev\Blitz\Lib\Input.Def.BB" Const UpdateInput_UseASCIIControlCodes = False ; use ASCII for special keys Const KeyDown_RepeatDelay = 250 ; time key held before repeating Const KeyDown_RepeatRate = 30 ; time per key press repeat Global KeyDown_Repeating [ 255 ] ; currently repeating Global KeyDown_StartRepeat[ 255 ] ; when last repeated Global KeyDown_Before[ 255 ] ; was held down before Global KeyDown_Start [ 255 ] ; time key first pressed Global KeyDown_ASCII [ 255 ] ; ascii association Global KeyDown [ 255 ] ; reference: scancode currently held Global KeyHit [ 255 ] ; reference: scancode currently hit (once) Global GetKey [ 255 ] ; reference: ascii currently hit (once) Global KeyUp [ 255 ] ; reference: scancode currently released (once) Global KeyPress[ 511 ] ; 0..255 = ascii, 256..511 = scancode Global Shift,Ctrl,Alt Global ShiftHit,CtrlHit,AltHit Global AnyInput ; any keys pressed (contains number of keys pressed) ; update entire system / keyboard handler Function UpdateInput() Local n Local ms Local elapsed Local newkeys Local newkey ; clear keypress For n = 0 To 511 KeyPress[ n ] = False Next ; clear ascii ; For n = 0 To 255 ; GetKey[ n ] = False ; Next ; current time ms = MilliSecs() ; read ascii ; n = GetKey() ; While n <> 0 ; GetKey[ n ] = True ; If UpdateInput_UseASCIIControlCodes ; newkeys = newkeys + 1 ; newkey = n ; Else ; If n >= 32 And n <= 255 ; newkeys = newkeys + 1 ; newkey = n ; EndIf ; EndIf ; n = GetKey() ; Wend ; read scancodes For n = 0 To 255 KeyDown[ n ] = KeyDown( n ) KeyHit [ n ] = KeyHit ( n ) Next ; update scancode timings ; ; and ascii associations (disabled) AnyInput = 0 For n = 0 To 255 ; key is held down If KeyDown[ n ] ; key was not held down before If Not KeyDown_Before[ n ] ; remember key was held down KeyDown_Before[ n ] = True ; remember time key was pressed KeyDown_Start[ n ] = ms ; ; pressed more than program can handle at once ; ; or not enough information present ; If newkeys > 1 Or newkeys < 1 ; associate with scancode KeyDown_ASCII[ n ] = 0 ; trigger keypress KeyPress[ n+256 ] = True ; ; one ascii key pressed ; Else ; ; associate with ascii ; KeyDown_ASCII[ n ] = newkey ; ; trigger keypress ; KeyPress[ newkey ] = True ; EndIf ; key was held down before Else ; time since key press exceeds repeat delay If ms - KeyDown_Start[ n ] >= KeyDown_RepeatDelay ; not yet repeating If Not KeyDown_Repeating[ n ] ; set to repeat KeyDown_Repeating[ n ] = True ; use repeat delay elapsed as time to start repeating KeyDown_StartRepeat[ n ] = KeyDown_Start[ n ] + KeyDown_RepeatDelay EndIf ; catch up with time since last repeat While KeyDown_StartRepeat[ n ] - ms < KeyDown_RepeatRate ; catch up using repeat rate KeyDown_StartRepeat[ n ] = KeyDown_StartRepeat[ n ] + KeyDown_RepeatRate ; associated with ASCII ; If KeyDown_ASCII[ n ] ; ; trigger keypress ; KeyPress[ KeyDown_ASCII[ n ] ] = True ; ; not associated with ASCII -> use scancode ; Else KeyPress[ 256+n ] = True ; EndIf Wend EndIf EndIf ; key is not held down Else ; key was held down before If KeyDown_Before[ n ] ; forget it was held down KeyDown_Before[ n ] = False ; disable repeating KeyDown_Repeating[ n ] = False ; set up state KeyUp[ n ] = True ; key was not held down before Else ; but up state is set If KeyUp[ n ] ; clear up state KeyUp[ n ] = False EndIf EndIf EndIf ; any keys changed since last poll (held down, hit once or up once) ; If KeyDown[ n ] > 0 Or KeyHit[ n ] > 0 Or KeyUp[ n ] > 0 ; AnyInput = AnyInput + 1 ; EndIf AnyInput = AnyInput + KeyDown[ n ] + KeyHit[ n ] + KeyUp[ n ] Next ;If anyinput ; For n = 1 To 255 ; If KeyDown[ n ] Or KeyHit[ n ] Or keyup[ n ] ; DebugLog "keysys: "+KeyDown[ n ]+"/"+KeyHit[ n ]+"/"+keyup[ n ]+" "+key_name( n ) ; EndIf ; Next ;EndIf ; update shift states Shift = KeyDown[ Key_ShiftLeft ] Or KeyDown[ Key_ShiftRight ] Ctrl = KeyDown[ Key_CtrlLeft ] Or KeyDown[ Key_CtrlRight ] Alt = KeyDown[ Key_AltLeft ] Or KeyDown[ Key_AltRight ] ShiftHit = KeyHit[ Key_ShiftLeft ] Or KeyHit[ Key_ShiftRight ] CtrlHit = KeyHit[ Key_CtrlLeft ] Or KeyHit[ Key_CtrlRight ] AltHit = KeyHit[ Key_AltLeft ] Or KeyHit[ Key_AltRight ] End Function ; get next (sequential) scancode keydown ; - similar to GetKey() ; - multipoint input polling enabled Function GetKeyDown() Local n For n = 1 To 255 If KeyDown[ n ] KeyDown[ n ] = KeyDown[ n ] - 1 Return n EndIf Next End Function ; get next (sequential) scancode keyhit ; - similar to GetKey() ; - multipoint input polling enabled Function GetKeyHit() Local n For n = 1 To 255 If KeyHit[ n ] KeyHit[ n ] = KeyHit[ n ] - 1 Return n EndIf Next End Function ; get next (sequential) ASCII keyhit ; - wrapped version of GetKey() ; - multipoint input polling enabled Function GetKeyAsc() Local n For n = 1 To 255 If GetKey[ n ] GetKey[ n ] = GetKey[ n ] - 1 Return n EndIf Next End Function ; get next (sequential) code (both ascii and scan codes) from queue ; - combined queue reading Function GetKeyPress() Local n For n = 1 To 511 If KeyPress[ n ] KeyPress[ n ] = KeyPress[ n ] - 1 Return n EndIf Next End Function ; get next (sequential) ascii code from queue ; - separated queue reading Function GetAsc() Local n For n = 1 To 255 If KeyPress[ n ] KeyPress[ n ] = KeyPress[ n ] - 1 Return n EndIf Next End Function ; get next (sequential) scancode from queue ; - separated queue reading Function GetScan() Local n For n = 257 To 511 If KeyPress[ n ] KeyPress[ n ] = 0;KeyPress[ n ] - 1 ; KeyPress[ n ] = KeyPress[ n ] - 1 Return n-256 EndIf Next End Function ; returns true if any key was hit since last input update Function AnyKeyHit() Local n For n = 1 To 255 If KeyHit[ n ] Return True EndIf Next End Function ; wait for any key or until time is up (default: 1 second) ; - returns true on input ; - returns false on timeout Function WaitKeyDelay( time = 1000 ) Local n Local start start = MilliSecs() While MilliSecs() - start < time For n = 1 To 255 If KeyHit( n ) Return True EndIf Next Wend End Function ; forget all pressed keys ; - flushes both auto (blitz) and manual (per key) by default Function FlushInput( AutoOnly = False ) Local Input ; auto flush (blitz) FlushKeys ; manual flush (per key) If Not AutoOnly For Input = 0 To 255 ; last minute poll UpdateInput ; clear blitz KeyHit Input KeyDown Input While GetKey() Wend ; clear wrapper KeyDown [ Input ] = False KeyHit [ Input ] = False GetKey [ Input ] = False KeyUp [ Input ] = False ; clear other flags (arrays) KeyDown_Repeating [ Input ] = False KeyDown_StartRepeat[ Input ] = False KeyDown_Before [ Input ] = False KeyDown_Start [ Input ] = False KeyDown_ASCII [ Input ] = False ; clear other flags (variables) ShiftHit = False Shift = False CtrlHit = False Ctrl = False AltHit = False Alt = False ; invalidate all AnyInput = False Next For Input = 0 To 511 ; custom (extended) KeyPress[ Input ] = False Next EndIf End Function ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; (debug) test for ascii and scan codes of Shift+"1", "1" and Shift+"2", "2" Function KeyRepeatTest1() Local s% Local n% Local v1%,v2%,v3%,v4% SetBuffer BackBuffer() Repeat UpdateInput Cls s = 150 For n = 0 To 1 Text ns,0 , " Down: "+KeyDown[ n+2 ] Text ns,10 , " Hit: "+KeyHit[ n+2 ] Text ns,20 , "Before: "+KeyDown_Before[ n+2 ] Text ns,30 , " Start: "+KeyDown_Start [ n+2 ] Text ns,40 , " ASCII: "+KeyDown_ASCII [ n+2 ] Next Text 0,60 , "GetKey(49,1): "+GetKey[ 49 ] Text s,60 , "GetKey(50,2): "+GetKey[ 50 ] Text 0,70 , "GetKey(33,!): "+GetKey[ 33 ] Text s,70 , "GetKey(64,@): "+GetKey[ 64 ] Text 0,90 , "Press(49,1): "+KeyPress[ 49 ] Text s,90 , "Press(50,2): "+KeyPress[ 50 ] Text 0,100 , "Press(33,!): "+KeyPress[ 33 ] Text s,100 , "Press(64,@): "+KeyPress[ 64 ] v1 = v1 + keypress[ 49 ] v2 = v2 + keypress[ 50 ] v3 = v3 + keypress[ 33 ] v4 = v4 + keypress[ 64 ] Text 0,120 , v1 Text s,120 , v2 Text 0,130 , v3 Text s,130 , v4 Flip Until KeyHit[ key_esc ] End End Function ; (debug) test for ascii and scan codes of cursor keys Function KeyRepeatTest2() Local s% Local n% Local bk%[3] Local k%[3] Local d$[3] Local v%[3] ; blitz key bk[0] = key_up bk[1] = key_down bk[2] = key_left bk[3] = key_right ; scan code k[0] = 256 + bk[0] k[1] = 256 + bk[1] k[2] = 256 + bk[2] k[3] = 256 + bk[3] ; key name d[0] = "Up" d[1] = "Down" d[2] = "Left" d[3] = "Right" SetBuffer BackBuffer() Repeat UpdateInput Cls s = 100 For n = 0 To 3 Text ns, 0 , " Key: "+d[n] Text ns,20 , " Down: "+KeyDown[ bk[n] ] Text ns,30 , " Hit: "+KeyHit [ bk[n] ] Text ns,40 , "Before: "+KeyDown_Before[ bk[n] ] Text ns,50 , " ASCII: "+KeyDown_ASCII [ bk[n] ] Text ns,60 , " Press: "+KeyPress[ k[n] ] v[n] = v[n] + KeyPress[ k[n] ] Text ns,80 , " Count: "+v[n] Next Flip Until KeyHit[ key_esc ] End End Function ; demonstration of separated queue reading using getasc() and getscan() Function KeyPressDemo1() Local ascii_line$[ 35 ] Local scan_line$ [ 35 ] Local ascii_pos% Local scan_pos% Local ascii_color%[ 35 ] Local scan_color% [ 35 ] Local ascii% Local scan% Graphics 400,400 , 0,2 SetFont LoadFont( "Verdana" , 14 , True ) SetBuffer BackBuffer() Repeat ; update system with blitz, ascii and scancodes input updateinput ; first input ascii = getasc() ; any input While ascii <> 0 ; replace current line ascii_line[ ascii_pos ] = ascii ; set bright color ascii_color[ ascii_pos ] = 255 ; go to next line ascii_pos = ascii_pos + 1 ; go back to top if exceeding number of lines If ascii_pos > 35 ascii_pos = 0 EndIf ; next input ascii = getasc() Wend scan = getscan() While scan <> 0 scan_line[ scan_pos ] = scan scan_color[ scan_pos ] = 255 scan_pos = scan_pos + 1 If scan_pos > 35 scan_pos = 0 EndIf scan = getscan() Wend Cls ; shift states Color 128,255,128 Text 10,10 , "Shift states:" Color 255,255,255 Text 10,30 , " Shift: "+Shift Text 10,40 , " Control: "+Ctrl Text 10,50 , "Alternate: "+Alt ; ascii codes list Color 255,128,128 Text 150,10 , "ASCII codes:" For ascii = 0 To 35 ; lower brightness (128 = minimum brightness) If ascii_color[ ascii ] > 128 ascii_color[ ascii ] = ascii_color[ ascii ] - 2 EndIf Color ascii_color[ ascii ],ascii_color[ ascii ],ascii_color[ ascii ] Text 150,30+ascii10 , ascii_line[ ascii ] Next ; scan codes list Color 255,255,128 Text 300,10 , "Scan codes:" For scan = 0 To 35 If scan_color[ scan ] > 128 scan_color[ scan ] = scan_color[ scan ] - 2 EndIf Color scan_color[ scan ],scan_color[ scan ],scan_color[ scan ] Text 300,30+scan10 , scan_line[ scan ] Next Flip Until KeyHit[ key_esc ] End End Function ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --v

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Enhanced keyboard handler/wrapper

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